A mini review on the anode buffer layers used in organic light emitting diodes

Manisha  Bajpai; C K Pandey; Rakhee Malik

doi:10.61343/jcm.v1i02.35

Authors

Manisha Bajpai
C K Pandey
Rakhee Malik

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61343/jcm.v1i02.35

Keywords:

Organic light emitting diodes, Buffer Layers, Polymers

Abstract

Research on organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are recently increasing due their unique advantages over inorganic devices. To explore upto the technology, there is a need to understand the basic device physics of OLED. The basic device physics of the device consists of basically three steps i.e. device structure, device mechanism and device characteristics & their parameters. Device structure of OLED typically consist of three basic layers but there are several intermediate layers are used to enhance device efficiency. Anode buffer layers are used to are used to reduce the interface barriers present at anode/HTL interface. Here, in in this paper different used anode buffer layers are reviewed.

References

C. W. Tang and S. A. Van Slyke, “Organic electroluminescent diodes”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 51, 913 (1987).

J. H. Burroughes, D. D. C. Bradley, A. R. Brown, R. N. Marks, K. Mackay, R. H. Friend, P. L. Burn and A. B. Holmes, “Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers”, Nature 347, 539 (1990).

M. A. Baldo, S. Lamansky and P. E. Borrows, “Very high efficiency organic light emitting devices based on electrophosphorescence”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 4 (1999).

N. F. Mott and R. W. Gurney, “Electronic Processes in Ionic Crystals”, Second Edition (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1948).

T. N. Ng, W. R. Silveira and J. A. Marohn, “Dependence of Charge Injection on Temperature, Electric Field, and Energetic Disorder in an Organic Semiconductor”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 066101 (2007).

J. Meyer, S. Hamwi, T. Bülow, H.-H. Johannes, T. Riedl and W. Kowalsky, “Highly efficient simplified organic light emitting diodes”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 113506 (2007).

M-S. Dong, X-M. Wu, Y-L. Hua, Q-J. Qi and S-G. Yin, “Highly efficient simplified organic light emitting diodes utilizing F4-TCNQ as an anode buffer layer Chin”, Phys. Lett. 27, 127802 (2010).

Y. S. Park, W. I. Jeong and J.J. Kim, “Energy transfer from exciplexes to dopants and its effect on efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes”, J. Appl. Phys. 110, 124519 (2011).

Kyoung Soo Yook, Jun Yeob Lee, “Low driving voltage in organic light-emitting diodes using MoO3 as an interlayer in hole transport layer Synthetic Metals”, Volume 159, Issues 1-2, 2009, Pages 69-71, ISSN 0379-6779, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2008.07.016.

Meng Qiu, Dangqiang Zhu Xichang Bao, Junyi Wang, Xuefei Wang and Renqiang Yang, “WO3 with surface oxygen vacancies as an anode buffer layer for high performance polymer solar cells”, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2016,4, 894-900.

Xinwen Zhang, Zhaoxin Wu, Dawei Wang, Dongdong Wang, Runlin He, Xun Hou, “Solution-processed p-doped hole-transport layer and its application in organic light-emitting diodes”, Applied Surface Science, Volume 256, Issue 14, 2010, Pages 4468-4472, ISSN 0169-4332, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.01.076.

Jyongsik Jang, Jungseok Ha, Kyungho Kim, “Organic light-emitting diode with polyaniline-poly (styrene sulfonate) as a hole injection layer”, Thin Solid Films, Volume 516, Issue 10, 2008, Pages 3152-3156, ISSN 0040-6090, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2007.08.088.

Xinwen Zhang, Zhaoxin Wu, Dawei Wang, Dongdong Wang, Runlin He, Xun Hou, Ma, L., Hu, P., Jiang, H. et al. “Single photon triggered dianion formation in TCNQ and F4TCNQ crystals”, Sci Rep 6, 28510 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep28510.

Izawa, S., Morimoto, M., Fujimoto, K. et al. “Blue organic light-emitting diode with a turn-on voltage of 1.47 V”, Nat Commun 14, 5494 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41208-7.

H. You, Y. Dai, Z. Zhang and D. Ma, “Improved performances of organic light-emitting diodes with metal oxide as anode buffer”, J. Appl. Phys. 101, 026105 (2007).

H. Vázquez, F. Flores, R. Oszwaldowskia, J. Ortega, R. Pérez and A. Kahn, “Barrier formation at metal–organic interfaces: dipole formation and the charge neutrality level”, Appl. Surf. Sci. 234, 107 (2004).

J. Jang, J. Ha and K. Kim, “Organic light-emitting diode with polyaniline-poly (styrene sulfonate) as a hole injection layer”, Thin Solid Films 516, 3152 (2008).

M-S. Dong, X-M. Wu, Y-L. Hua, Q-J. Qi and S-G. Yin, “Highly efficient simplified organic light emitting diodes utilizing F4-TCNQ as an anode buffer layer”, Chin. Phys. Lett. 27, 127802 (2010).

B. X. Mi, Z. Q. Gao, K. W. Cheah and C. H. Chen, “Organic light-emitting diodes using 3,6-difluoro-2,5,7,7,8,8- hexacyanoquinodimethane as p -type dopant”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 073507 (2009).